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Physical Activity and Bone Health

Physical Activity and Bone Health

Author:
$113.95 CAD


 

Product Format

    As an increasing amount of research on mechanical loading, exercise, and bone health becomes available, there is a growing need to synthesize and clarify the rapidly evolving information. No other resource fills this need better than the timely Physical Activity and Bone Health—the first book of its kind to examine effective exercise as it contributes to bone health.

    This text is written for all “students” of the human movement sciences with an interest in skeletal structure and function. It compiles a wealth of research literature—from the earliest to the most recent studies—making it a time-saving and essential resource.

    Physical Activity and Bone Health was written by six highly acclaimed authorities in the field, which adds tremendously to its value. Only in this book will you gain access to such broad and balanced perspectives and a diverse knowledge base.

    Emphasizing exercise and its effect on bone, the book's sections–which can be read in any order–contain current information on these topics:

    • Basic anatomy and physiology of the structure and function of bone
    • Factors other than exercise that influence bone
    • Exercising to maintain a healthy skeleton from childhood through old age
    • The role of exercise in preventing perimenopausal bone loss
    • Medical issues of bone deterioration
    • Questions that require further research

    In addition, one section of the book is devoted to practical exercise prescriptions for different stages of life—from childhood and adolescence to adulthood and the elderly years. The exercise prescriptions are safe and effective and can be used by professionals in physical activity, health, and bone fields as a way to optimize bone health.

    Physical Activity and Bone Health is richly supported with illustrations, more than 850 references, and 20 chapters that stand alone or can be read together for a comprehensive picture.

    For those who wish to explore the frontiers of bone health, Physical Activity and Bone Health is a handy and trusted guide.

    Audience

    Reference for sports medicine physicians, orthopedic surgeons, geriatricians, general practitioners, physical therapists, athletic trainers, exercise scientists, students, and others interested in improving bone health through physical activity.

    Part I. Structure, Function, and Measurement of Bone
    Chapter 1. Anatomy
    Bone's Organic Makeup
    Macroscopic and Microscopic Appearance
    Bone Cells: Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 2. Physiology
    Calcium Homeostasis
    Mechanotransduction
    Modeling and Remodeling
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 3. Biomechanics
    Material Properties of Bone
    Structural Properties of Bone
    Bone's Response to Local Mechanical Loading
    How Physical Activity Generates Loads on Bone
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 4. Measuring the Properties of Bone
    Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
    Quantitative Ultrasound
    Quantitative Computed Tomography
    Measuring Bone Metabolism: Biochemical Markers
    Summary
    References

    Part II. Determinants of Bone Mineral Other Than Physical Activity
    Chapter 5. Age, Sex, Genetics, and Race
    Age
    Sex
    Genetics
    Race and Ethnicity
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 6. Soft Tissue Determinants of Bone Mineral Density
    Total Body Mass and BMD
    Lean Mass and BMD
    Fat Mass and BMD
    Soft Tissue in Bone Research Studies
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 7. Influence of Normal Endocrine Function on Bone Mineral
    Estrogen
    Progesterone
    Effects of Pregnancy and Lactation
    Testosterone
    Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
    Corticosteroid Hormones
    Thyroid Hormone
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 8. Dietary Intake and Bone Mineral
    Calcium Intake and Bone Mineral Density at Various Life Stages
    Vitamin D and Bone Mineralization
    Dietary Supplementation and Fracture Risk
    Interaction of Calcium and Physical Activity
    Other Lifestyle Factors and Bone Mineral Density
    Summary
    References

    Part III. Evidence and Prescription: A Life Span Approach
    Chapter 9. Measurement of Physical Activity
    Inherent Limitations
    Traditional Methods
    Suggestions for Measuring Physical Activity in Bone Studies
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 10. Physical Activity and Bone in Childhood and Adolescence
    Exercise, Bone Mineral Response, and Age
    Normal Bone Mineral Accrual
    Targeted Bone Loading and Bone Mineral
    Generalized Physical Activity and Bone Mineral
    Exercise Prescriptions
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 11. Physical Activity, Targeted Bone Loading, and Bone Mineral in Premenopausal Women
    Longitudinal Studies: Exercise Intervention
    Cross-Sectional Studies: Athletes Versus Controls
    Longitudinal Studies: Athletes Versus Controls
    Cross-Sectional Studies: Generalized Physical Activity
    Mechanism of Bone Augmentation
    Exercise Prescription
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 12. Physical Activity, Targeted Bone Loading, and Bone Mineral in Postmenopausal Women
    Vertebral BMD and Targeted Bone Loading
    Vertebral BMD and Minimal Bone Loading
    Proximal Femoral BMD and Targeted Bone Loading
    Mechanism of Bone Changes
    Mechanism of Mechanical Load Adaptation
    Exercise Prescription
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 13. Physical Activity and Bone Mineral in Men
    Controlled Trials of Exercise and BMD
    Longitudinal Observational Studies
    Cross-Sectional Studies of Athletes and Controls
    Studies Examining Physical Activity As a Determinant of BMD
    Mechanism of Bone Gain
    Exercise Prescriptions
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 14. Exercise and Fall Prevention
    Falling, Fracture, and Age-Related Physiological Changes Among Older Adults
    Can Exercise Decrease the Incidence of Falls?
    Guidelines for Exercise Prescription
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 15. Exercise Prescription for People With Osteoporosis
    The Problem of Osteoporosis
    Finer Point: Commonly Prescribed Treatments for Osteoporosis
    Exercise Prescriptions
    Summary
    References

    Part IV. Intense Physical Activity and Bone Health
    Chapter 16. Skeletal Effects of Menstrual Disturbance
    Delayed Menarche and Bone Mass
    Intense Physical Training and Linear Growth
    Menstrual Disturbance and Bone
    Other Factors Contributing to Osteopenia
    Athlete Menstrual Disturbance and Osteoporosis
    Mechanism of Bone Loss
    Treatment of Amenorrheic Women
    References

    Chapter 17. Stress Fractures
    Continuum of Bone Overuse Injury
    Why Stress Fractures Occur—Pathophysiology
    Clinical Aspects
    Treatment of Stress Fractures
    Risk Factors
    Summary
    References

    Part V. Research Opportunities: Physical Activity and Bone Health
    Chapter 18. Getting Involved in Bone Research
    Studies: Bone at the Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Levels
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 19. Research Projects Suitable for a Master's Thesis Course Work
    Studies Appropriate for a Master's Thesis
    Summary
    References

    Chapter 20. Research Projects Suitable for a PhD Thesis
    Recent Bone and Physical Activity Doctoral Theses
    Current Questions in the Field
    Summary
    References

    Appendix A. Tables
    Appendix B. Questionnaires

    Karim Khan, MD, PhD, is a clinician-scientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, and a consultant in the osteoporosis program at BC Women's & Children's Hospital. He has conducted extensive bone research. And coauthored the best-selling text Clinical Sports Medicine. He is on the editorial boards of the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Physician and Sportsmedicine and International SportMed Journal.

    Heather McKay, PhD, is an associate professor in the School of Human Kinetics at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. She also is adjunct professor in the university's department of medicine and an associate in its Institute of Health Promotion Research. For many years, she has conducted research related to the bone health of women and girls and was involved in one of the earliest studies of amenorrhea in collegiate runners. Dr. McKay was key investigator in the University of Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study.

    Pekka Kannus, MD, PhD, is chief physician and head of the Accident and Trauma Research Center at the UKK Institute in Tampere, Finland. He also is a professor of injury prevention at the University of Tampere and an associate professor of sports medicine at the University of Jyvᅵskylᅵ in Finland. His scientific work has focused on basic and applied research of the musculoskeletal system of the human body. His primary interest is in bone research and prevention of osteoporotic fractures.

    Don Bailey, PhD, is a professor at the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada, and the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. During his scientific career, he has studied child growth and development and the relationship between bone mineral accrual and physical activity in the growing years. He directed the landmark Saskatchewan Growth Study, a 10-year investigation of growth and physical fitness in school-age children.

    John Wark, MD, PhD, is a professor of medicine at the University of Melbourne in Australia. He is head of the Bone and Mineral Service at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the director of the Centre of Osteoporosis and Bone Studies at the same leading teaching hospital campus. As both a specialist in endocrinology and an internationally recognized authority on bone metabolism, Dr. Wark covers a wide range of issues regarding bone, nutrition, and physical activity. He was the principal investigator in the first controlled trial of physical activity intervention in schoolgirls.

    Kim Bennell, PT, PhD, is an associate professor in the school of physiotherapy and head of the Centre for Sports Medicine Research and Education at the University of Melbourne in Australia. She also is a director of a private physiotherapy clinic that specializes in exercise prescription in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Dr. Bennell earned her reputation in the bone field for her pivotal stress fracture research and work in physical activity and bone mineral in active people. She is the author of the first prospective study of the risk factors for stress fractures. Dr. Bennell is currently undertaking National Health and Medical Research Council funded research on the effect of ballet training in young girls.