Patient-Centered Care in Sports Medicine

It is essential that students entering health care professions be well informed about the social determinants of health and be equipped with strategies to advocate for, engage with, and communicate with patients from a variety of backgrounds. For educators, Patient-Centered Care in Sports Medicine is aligned with the Patient-Centered Care core competency outlined by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE), and it prepares students to put patient-centered care into practice as they work with diverse individuals.

Patient-Centered Care in Sports Medicine defines patient-centered care, explains its importance for every patient interaction, and shows how to model patient-centered care in daily practice. Students will come to better understand how social identities related to race, class, gender, and sexuality shape the patient–health care provider relationship, as well as how a provider’s own social identities may influence the care they provide. Self-assessment tools will help students evaluate their personal stereotypes, implicit biases, and prejudices, while patient-centered communication models provide guidance on eliciting crucial information from patients to make sure their needs are addressed.

The second half of the book offers invaluable knowledge about the largest cultural groups within the United States, the LGBTQIA+ community, and individuals with disabilities. For each culture, the discussion addresses cultural information such as primary languages and communication styles, family structure, daily living and food practices, and more. This rich discussion allows students to build cultural awareness for use in their future careers.

Throughout the text, chapter objectives, review questions, case studies, and key terms help students comprehend and retain the information presented. Athletic Training Professionals in Their Own Words sidebars feature noted athletic trainers discussing their experiences in various settings. Forms that are beneficial in health care settings—including a satisfaction survey, a facility checklist, and sample policies and procedures—are provided in the book.

Patient-Centered Care in Sports Medicine serves as an excellent guide for institutions and individual providers who desire to become more competent when working with athletes or patients from a variety of backgrounds.

Audience

A textbook for athletic training, physical therapy, fitness, rehabilitation, and health care courses. A reference for professionals in those fields.

Part I. Exploring Patient-Centered Care

Chapter 1. Defining Patient-Centered Care
What Is Patient-Centered Care?
Frameworks of Patient-Centered Care
Why Is Patient-Centered Care Important?
Terminology and Language
Summary

Chapter 2. Demographics, Social Determinants of Health, and Health Disparities
What Are Health Disparities?
Changing Demographics
Social Determinants of Health
Relationship Between Demographics, Social Determinants of Health, and Health Disparities
Reducing Health Disparities
A Social Justice Lens: Advocating for Patients
Summary 

Part II. Patient-Centered Awareness

Chapter 3. Understanding Difference
Unpacking the Luggage
Repacking the Luggage
Summary 

Chapter 4. Understanding Oneself
Cultural Awareness and Self-Assessment
Everyone Has Culture
Generalizations, Stereotypes, Prejudices, and Implicit Bias
Microagressions : Microassaults, Microinsults, Microinvalidations, and Environmental Microaggressions
Advantages, Disadvantages, and Privileges
Summary

Part III. Patient-Centered Communication

Chapter 5. Eliciting Information
The Explanatory Models Approach, Outline for Cultural Formulation, and Cultural Formulation Interview
Other Models for Eliciting Information
Eliciting Information Through Use of an Interpreter
Patient Forms and Data Gathering
Summary

Chapter 6. Patient-Centered and Culturally Based Physical Assessment
Taking an Oral History
Inspecting and Observing Physical Signs
Palpating
Summary

Chapter 7. Patient and Family Engagement
Framework for Patient and Family Engagement
Factors That Influence Patient and Family Engagement
Strategies for Addressing Barriers to Engagement
Summary

Chapter 8. Introducing Patient-Centered Care in the Athletic Training Facility
Implementing Patient-Centered Care
Implementation Considerations
Summary

Part IV. Patient-Centered Knowledge

Chapter 9. Native Americans
American Indians
Native Alaskans
Summary

Chapter 10. Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans
Chinese Americans
Indian Americans
Filipino Americans
Summary

Chapter 11. Black Americans
African Americans
Nigerian Americans
Jamaican Americans
Summary

Chapter 12. Latino and Hispanic Americans
Mexican Americans
Puerto Ricans
Cuban Americans
Summary

Chapter 13. White Euro-Americans
German Americans
Irish Americans
English Americans
Summary

Chapter 14. Middle Eastern North African Americans
Iraqi Americans
Egyptian Americans
Lebanese Americans
Summary

Chapter 15. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Americans
Overview and Framework
Historical Perspectives
Demographic Characteristics
Cultural and Psychosocial Challenges
Coming Out or Inviting In
Lesbian
Gay
Bisexual
Transgender
Summary

Chapter 16. Americans With Disabilities
Limb Deficiencies
Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Blindness or Limited Vision
Summary

Appendix A. Satisfaction Survey
Appendix B. Patient-Centered Athletic Training Facility Guidelines and Checklist
Appendix C. Sample Policies and Procedures
Appendix D. Religious and Spiritual Orientations

René Revis Shingles, PhD, ATC, is an award-winning educator, author, and servant leader. She is a professor emeritus in the athletic training program at Central Michigan University and previously served as the program director, internship coordinator, and representative chair of the School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences. Shingles currently serves as president of the Board of Certification (BOC) board of directors and is the first African American to hold the position. She previously served as vice president for the BOC board of directors. She has written numerous research articles and is the coauthor, with Lorin Cartwright, of Cultural Competence in Sports Medicine.

Shingles holds a bachelor’s degree in education from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a master’s degree in athletic training from Illinois State University, and a doctorate in kinesiology from Michigan State University. She has provided athletic training services for high school, collegiate, recreational, special Olympics, and elite-level athletes, including as a member of the 1996 U.S. Olympic team medical staff. She has received many national, regional, state, and local awards for outstanding teaching, leadership, professional service, and community service. In 2018, she became the first African American woman inducted into the hall of fame of the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA). She served on the NATA’s inaugural Ethnic Diversity Advisory Committee as well as the LGBTQ+ Advisory Committee. In addition to her full professional life, she loves making time to mentor students.

Lorin A. Cartwright, MS, ATC, is retired from her roles as head athletic trainer, assistant principal, and athletic director at Pioneer High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where she served for more than 32 years. She was an adjunct professor in athletic training at the University of Michigan for three years and also taught at Eastern Michigan University and Concordia University. Cartwright was the first woman to graduate from Grand Valley State University with a degree in athletic training, and she later became the first woman and the first high school athletic trainer to become president of the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers Association. She has been appointed by the governor of Michigan to the Michigan Board of Athletic Trainers and the Michigan Task Force on Women in Sports.

Cartwright has been an active member of the LGBTQ+ Advisory Committee of the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA). She was the cochair of the Diversity Equity and Inclusion Committee of the Michigan Athletic Trainers’ Society. In 2022 she was honored with NATA’s Gail Weldon Award of Excellence. In 2010, she was awarded the Outstanding Educator Award by the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers Association. She has been inducted into the halls of fame of Pioneer High School, the Michigan Athletic Trainers’ Society, the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers Association, and the National Athletic Trainers’ Association.

She has been involved in presentations on ally training, implicit bias, cultural competence in health care, and Title IX. Her articles include “Employment Discrimination in Athletic Training: A Case Study,” “Integrating Safe Space Ally Training Into the AT Curriculum,” “Minority Stress and Its Impact on Mental Health in LGBTQ+ Patients and Athletic Trainers and Patients Who Identify as LGBTQ+,” “Stressors of Sexual Minority Identity and How It Affects Mental Health,” and “Considerations in Addressing Bias to Ensure Inclusion and Healthcare.” She has authored or coauthored eight books about the athletic training profession and two ebooks on athletic training certification.

All ancillaries are free to adopting instructors through HKPropel.

Test package. Contains questions in true-false, fill-in-the-blank, short-answer, and multiple-choice formats. The files may be downloaded for integration with a learning management system or printed for use as paper-based tests.

Presentation package. Features PowerPoint slides of text, artwork, and tables from the book that can be used for class discussion and presentation. The slides in the presentation package can be used directly within PowerPoint or printed to make handouts for students. Instructors can easily add, modify, and rearrange the order of the slides.

Image bank. Includes most of the figures and tables from the text, sorted by chapter. The bank can be used in developing a customized presentation based on specific course requirements.